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House-built engine
A house-built engine is a stationary steam engine that is built into an engine house, such that it uses the masonry of the engine house as an integral part of the support of the engine.
== Beam engines ==
Most house-built engines were early beam engines. A 'bob wall'〔 in the engine house supported the pivot axle of the beam or 'bob'. This wall could be an internal wall, with both ends of the beam inside the house, but it was commonly the end wall of the house and so the beam projected to the outside. For a heavy beam, the bob wall was required to be extremely substantial. Early engines were used for pumping mines or wells, so as well as the weight of the beam, the house had to also support the weight of the long pump rod, reaching down to the depths of the mine.
Beam engines appeared during the 18th century. The only technologies at this time that could support the weight of an engine's beam were masonry and timber-framing, as the work of either shipwrights or millwrights. Cast iron was not yet a structural material, or capable of being worked at this scale. Wrought iron was too expensive to be used in such sizes.
After the early beam engines, where the cylinder was mounted directly atop the boiler, the space inside the house of later beam engines was divided by floors. The 'bottom chamber' contained the base of the cylinder, the lower valves and the valvegear. This was the main working chamber and was where the engine driver would spend most of their time. Above this, a floor or partial floor and the 'top chamber' provided a working space for access to the valves or 'nozzles' at the top of the cylinder. This was used mostly for intermittent access to lubricate bearings etc. Often the floor did not span the full length of the house and formed a gallery above the bottom chamber. These floors and stairways were often fitted with woodwork and banisters of the highest quality. Similarly the 'beam chamber' at the top of the house provided access to the beam's bearings. Where the beam extended through the end wall of the house, two small outdoor platforms on either side of the beam gave access from the beam chamber to each side of the beam and the bearings for the pump shaft.〔 A final chamber was beneath the floor of the bottom chamber. This contained the air pump and regulating cataract. It was so rarely visited that access was only by means of a trapdoor.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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